The increasingly popular European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR) attracted a record number of candidates from all over the world to the ECR. As many as 62 residents and radiologists travelled to Vienna to sit the examination, a 50% increase in participation from last year.

This rise reflects the growing quality and recognition of the diploma, according to Dr. Éamann Breatnach from Dublin, scientific director of the European Board of Radiology (EBR), which organises the examination. “People start to see that the diploma is a qualification agreed to by both the EBR and the European Society of Radiology (ESR). There is more recognition of the value of the diploma, which people see as useful for their individual career paths. Holding the diploma shows your employer that you are enthusiastic and have a good knowledge base, and ultimately you can use it to look for employment elsewhere,” he said.

Mariana Jakubowicz and Santiago Andrés from Buenos Aires, Argentina, were amongst the candidates at the European Diploma in Radiology exams which took place Wednesday to Friday during the ECR.

The diploma is officially recognised by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), and its reputation extends well beyond Europe. Candidates from the Gulf countries have come in large numbers since the introduction of the diploma two years ago, and Americans are beginning to show an interest as well. Furthermore, the Argentine Society of Radiology paid for two young radiologists to take the diploma exam, and covered their travel and accommodation costs. Dr. Mariana Jakubowicz and Dr. Santiago Andrés, residents at the Deutsches Hospital in Buenos Aires, found it to be a great experience and acknowledged the quality of the examination.

“The exam really covered every aspect of general radiology. The written part was tough. There were lots of questions and little time to answer them. Cases were not the simplest. The examination was challenging because of the language, but I know the examiners take that into account. I felt more comfortable during the oral exam though and could comment on the images. Besides, the examiners were very friendly and helpful,” Andrés said.

“One difficulty is that we do things differently back home. For instance I would never do an MR examination for appendicitis but rather an ultrasound or abdominal CT scan, so I am not used to seeing this pathology on MRI. That was a bit confusing. But having a mock exam beforehand could help in this regard,” said Jakubowicz, who confirmed the huge interest among young Argentinean radiologists in working abroad.

Andrés and Jakubowicz also presented papers through EPOS™ – on mammography, usual metastatic sites in PET, whole-body PET-CT examination and on the selection of biopsy sites with PET-CT. Part of the reason why they took the exam in Vienna was so they could also attend the ECR, and diploma candidates were given free access to the congress this year. Conveniently, the examination started a day before the beginning of the ECR, to enable candidates to attend sessions afterwards. Furthermore, the examination was split over three days, sparing candidates long waiting times between the written and oral tests.

This time, diploma organisers invited a panel of observers to attend the orals, in order to train them to become examiners next year. Organisers also announced that they would include a list of recommended literature for the next examination, after candidates requested this option.

“We would like to encourage people to be familiar with the ESR publications, which include the publication on the revised training charter and curriculum, the journals European Radiology and Insights into imaging, and the case material available on Eurorad. But this list is not exclusive and we are aware that there are very good books in languages other than English, so I want to stress that point, and also insist on the European nature of this examination, which is not a language test,” Breatnach said.

In the future, organisers would like to see the diploma become accepted as equivalent to some national qualifications, and negotiations are currently underway.
The examination will also be held during the annual meeting of the Turkish Society of Radiology in November. Candidates will have the option of taking the oral test either in English or in the local language.

Success in the examination will certify a standard of radiological knowledge deemed appropriate by the ESR for independent practise in general radiology. The examination is open to radiologists and radiology residents in their fifth year of training. Examination costs are €500 for ESR full members and members in training, and €1,100 for ESR corresponding members.

Watch this session on ECR Live: Sunday, March 10, 08:30–10:00, Room E1

Overuse injuries due to excessive exercise are normally seen in professional athletes, but they are also becoming more frequent in amateur athletes. The Refresher Course on overuse injuries in sports will present three examples of how these injuries, caused by different sports, can be diagnosed and treated.

Gymnastic exercises, for example, are very demanding, not only on the axial but also the peripheral skeleton, and they involve strong forces due to hyperextensive and hyperflexion exercises. A certain degree of hypermobility and increased flexibility is necessary to perform some gymnastic exercises, and so training is required to improve this flexibility. Unnatural movements are sometimes necessary in order to increase this hypermobility and flexibility.

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Watch this session on ECR Live: Saturday, March 9, 16:00–17:30, Room G/H

Advanced MR imaging techniques such as perfusion and functional imaging have been a great help in improving the diagnosis and staging of brain tumours. Unlike conventional MR techniques, advanced MR techniques can be used to obtain information not only on the morphological, but also on the functional characteristics of tumours.

One of the most common types of brain tumour is glioblastoma, which is highly malignant and has a high cell reproduction rate due to the fact that it is nourished by a large network of blood vessels. According to the American Brain Tumour Association there are two types of glioblastoma: primary glioblastomas, which tend to form and make their presence known quickly by growing aggressively, and secondary glioblastomas, which are also aggressive but show slower growth and only represent 10% of all diagnoses.

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The European Society of Radiology (ESR), which organises the ECR, strives to stay at the cutting-edge of science, helping it shape the future of medical imaging. This commitment goes beyond technology and research, as the society nurtures the talented physicians of tomorrow through support programmes. These programmes help them discover the wonders of imaging and, hopefully, choose radiology as their specialty.

Students and residents are highly encouraged to take part in the ‘Rising Stars’ programme, which grants students free registration to the ECR. This initiative has produced significant results, with more than 1,400 students visiting the ECR last year, making it the world’s leading student meeting in medicine.

Medical students and radiographers in training under the age of 30 and without an academic degree can register for the congress free of charge. They can also submit abstracts (the best submitters are offered free accommodation and travel) and attend Hands-on Workshops on ultrasound and many other scientific sessions.

Student Sessions for Saturday, March 8

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Watch sessions from this Categorical Course on ECR Live:

Imaging the arteries is a daily task for interventional radiologists like José Ignacio Bilbao, president of this year’s ECR, but other subspecialists should know about the main clinical problems associated with the blood vessels. The Clinical Lessons for Imaging Core Knowledge (CLICK) courses, starting this Saturday and finishing Monday, will present delegates with various clinical scenarios and state-of-the-art techniques for imaging vascular disease.

Cardiovascular events still account for the majority of deaths worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are well-known risk factors that should be monitored and treated appropriately. But the combination of metabolic and cardiovascular factors should also be included in the equation, according to Lars Lönn, professor of vascular surgery and radiology at the National Hospital in Copenhagen. “Cardio-metabolic factors such as obesity are a major risk nowadays; for instance overweight people have a tendency to get fat in the liver, which also gives you a risk for diabetes,” said Lönn, who will chair the course, ‘How old are you in reality? Vascular age and clinical events,’ today at the ECR. Considering these factors is fundamental since the incidence of obesity will continue to rise in the near future, and with it the number of potential cardiovascular complications.

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We are proud to introduce ECR Live; bringing you 1,400 presentations live from the ECR in 13 separate video streams. Each stream comes with its own chat feature, so you can discuss sessions with other viewers and even ask presenters questions. It’s easy to register, simple to use, and completely free of charge. Join here: live.myESR.org

Watch this session on ECR Live: Friday, March 8, 16:00–17:30, Room F1

The global demand for medical imaging examinations has been growing rapidly over the past decade. Sustaining a workforce to match demand is becoming a challenge, as an increasing number of hospitals are facing a shortage of radiologists. Some countries have filled the gap by allowing radiographers to perform and interpret ultrasound examinations independently, to relieve the pressure on staff. This option continues to divide the European radiological community, and many seem to be against delegating a medical act to non-doctors. However, new educational opportunities and radiographers’ growing interest in medical science are challenging this concept, a panel of radiographers will show during a Special Focus Session chaired by a radiologist and a radiographer at ECR 2013.

Dean Pekarovic from the University Hospital of Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Ultrasound is a widely available modality and many medical specialists are using it without the help of radiologists, sometimes without sufficient knowledge and to the detriment of patients. However, radiographers who have received proper theoretical and clinical training know how to best use the modality and read images correctly, according to Dean Pekarovic, a radiographer at the University Hospital of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and member of the advisory board of the European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS). “Ultrasound is a very competitive field, everybody wants to use it. But not everyone has the ability to perform an examination and interpret images appropriately. Radiographers with specific training are able to carry out such examinations and can even write reports on their own,” he said.

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Watch this session on ECR Live: Friday, March 8, 16:00–17:30, Room C

Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, affects a large number of people worldwide. But with the emergence of new MRI techniques, researchers believe they will be able to prevent its development in the near future. Experts will present the latest methods to assess cartilage tissue quality at a very early stage and discuss remaining challenges, in a dedicated New Horizons Session, today at the ECR.

Cartilage is composed of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are responsible for the biomechanical properties of cartilage tissue. An interesting way to image cartilage is to look at the amount of GAG, which decreases at the onset of tissue degeneration, a process which occurs due to ageing or an induced defect, for instance trauma or surgical intervention in the joints. If left untreated, a tissue defect can lead to osteoarthritis. GAGs are known to be among the earliest biomarkers of cartilage degeneration, and if a focal reduction in the amount of GAG can be identified, then therapy to avoid further damage can begin.

Sodium image in the axial plane of the patella shows the patellar cartilage. At the border from the medial to the lateral facet of the patella an area with decreased sodium signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is visible which corresponds to a decreased content of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) although the cartilage thickness is preserved. This means an early stage of cartilage degeneration in this area with a focal loss of GAG.
(Provided by Prof. Siegfried Trattnig and the MR Centre of Excellence)

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Watch this session on ECR Live: Friday, March 8, 08:30–10:00, Room F1

There are a wide range of treatment options available when dealing with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranging from interventional and endovascular procedures to surgical interventions such as liver transplantation. The main reason for performing endovascular procedures when treating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is the fact that liver neovascular networks are nourished exclusively by the arteries.

Liver tumours, both primary and metastatic, are almost entirely supplied by branches known as neo-vessels, which originate in the hepatic arteries. The surrounding peritumoural liver parenchyma is vascularised mainly by portal vein branches. When an HCC is larger than two centimetres in diameter the afferent vessel can be identified and then targeted via an arterial endovascular approach. These unique characteristics – dual vascular supply and the ability to identify the afferent vessels – are the rationale behind the use of endovascular treatments, and several different techniques have been developed over the last 30 years. Among the most frequently used are the infusion of chemotherapy and the introduction of particles, either as occluding devices or as carriers of an active agent, which attacks the tumoural cells and surrounding neovessels.

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Dr. Alexander Sachs, the Rising Stars representative on the ESR’s Undergraduate Education Subcommittee, talked about his numerous projects and his passion for teaching in an interview with ECR Today.

ECR Today: When did you first take part in the Rising Stars programme?
Alexander Sachs: I first took part in the Rising Stars programme in 2011. I applied to present Sono4You, an ultrasound peer-teaching student project, which I had become involved in. It was the first time I gave a presentation in front of a large audience, but I thought I would just give it a try and so I took a practical approach.

Dr. Alexander Sachs from Vienna is the Rising Stars representative on the ESR’s Undergraduate Education Subcommittee.

ECRT: It seems it paid off since you were elected best student presenter.
AS: Yes, it did have some positive effects. The year after, the ESR asked me if I wanted to coordinate the Hands-on Ultrasound Workshops at ECR 2012, which are strongly connected to the Sono4You tutorials. It was a great opportunity. It went really well and we are repeating the experience this year, with one advanced session and three basic workshops.
I like the idea of raising young people’s interest in radiology. In doing so, I am in contact with many people internationally, be they students or teachers. I really enjoy meeting people of different ages with different ideas; it is quite interesting to see what happens, how they connect, and the results of their cooperation.

ECRT: Can you please tell us about some of the new features of Rising Stars at ECR 2013?
AS: The Sono4You workshops will offer more advanced content to match the level of first-year radiology residents. Generally, the contents will be more interesting; thanks to the feedback we received last year.
Another nice development is that people have become more motivated to enrol as tutors for the peer-teaching sessions. Last year, I really had to motivate people to do so, but now it is much easier, there is a much bigger interest on their part. More students are participating in the programme every year, and I am happy to add my experience or work to this initiative.

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