This week we’re presenting another case provided by my friend Jose Vilar: a 39-year-old woman with cough and moderate dyspnea.
1. Mediastinal fat
2. TB
3. LUL collapse
4. None of the above
Findings: PA chest shows a well-defined left upper mediastinal mass. The mass is in the middle mediastinum and it is pressing against the trachea (
arrows).
It also extends into the posterior mediastinum as it reaches the top of the left apex.
The Lateral view is non-contributory.
A vascular origin for the mass would be a good guess, but there is another possibility: mediastinal fat, which is common, can appear anywhere, and can have a strange appearance.
Diagnosis is confirmed with CT, which shows that the findings in the plain film are due to mediastinal fat extending into the neck.


Final diagnosis: Mediastinal fat
Congratulations to Gus, who gave the correct diagnosis
Teaching point: Vascular lesions and fat may simulate other mediastinal masses. For this reason, all masses should be studied with enhanced CT.